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As-salamu alaykum (Arabic: ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ, as-salāmu ʿalaykum, Arabic: [as.sa.laː.mu ʕa.laj.kum] (
listen)), also written salamun alaykum and typically rendered in English as salam alaykum, is a greeting in Arabic that means ‘Peace be upon you’. The salām (سَلَام, meaning ‘peace’) has become a religious salutation for Muslims[1] worldwide when greeting each other, though its use as a greeting pre-dates Islam, and is also common among Arabic speakers of other religions (such as Arab Christians and Mizrahi Jews[2]).
In colloquial speech, often only the first part of the phrase (so: salām, ‘peace’) is used to greet a person. The typical response to the greeting is wa ʿalaykumu s-salām (وَعَلَيْكُمُ ٱلسَّلَامُ, Arabic: [wa ʔa.laj.kum mus.sa.laːm] (listen), ‘and peace be upon you’). The complete phrase is as-salāmu ʿalaykum wa-raḥmatu -llāhi wa-barakātuhū (ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ ٱللَّٰهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ, [as.sa.laː.mu ʕa.laj.kum wa.raħ.ma.tu‿ɫ.ɫaː.hi wa.ba.ra.kaː.tu.huː]), ‘Peace be upon you, as well as the mercy of God and his blessings’.
This greeting in its abbreviated form, salām [3](سَلَام), has come to be used as the general salutation in other languages as well. Among Christians, during Mass or other liturgical services, the priest or pastor and the congregation often use the salutation, “peace be with you”, sometimes replying, “and also with you”.
Cognate Semitic language parallels include the Aramaic/Classical Syriac šlāmā ʿalḵōn (ܫܠܵܡܵܐ ܥܲܠܟ݂ܘܿܢ), and the Hebrew shalom aleichem (שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם shālôm ʻalêḵem).[4][5]
Pronunciation[edit]
The phrase is normally pronounced according to local dialects of speakers and is very often shortened.
For example:
- In Egypt: [sæˈlæːmu ʕæˈleːku], [we ʕæˈleːkom es.sæˈlæːm]
- By native English-speaking Muslims: ,
Grammatical variants[edit]
The expression commonly uses the second person plural masculine, even when used to address one person. It may be modified by choosing the appropriate enclitic pronoun to address a person in the masculine and feminine singular form, the dual form, or the feminine plural form. The conjugations are as follows (note: according to the standard pronunciation rules of Classical Arabic, the last short vowel in each word is not pronounced in pausa):
| Gender | Greeting | Response |
|---|---|---|
| Singular Masculine | ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ | وَعَلَيْكَ ٱلسَّلَامُ |
| [as.sa.laː.mu ʕa.laj.ka] | [wa.ʕa.laj.ka‿s.sa.laː.mu] | |
| as-salāmu ʿalayka | wa ʿalayka s-salāmu | |
| Singular Feminine | ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكِ | وَعَلَيْكِ ٱلسَّلَامُ |
| [as.sa.laː.mu ʕa.laj.ki] | [wa.ʕa.laj.ki‿s.sa.laː.mu] | |
| as-salāmu ʿalayki | wa ʿalayki s-salāmu | |
| Dual Unisex | ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمَا | وَعَلَيْكُمَا ٱلسَّلَامُ |
| [as.sa.laː.mu ʕa.laj.ku.maː] | [wa.ʕa.laj.ku.maː‿s.sa.laː.mu] | |
| as-salāmu ʿalaykumā | wa ʿalaykumā s-salāmu | |
| Plural Masculine | ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ | وَعَلَيْكُمُ ٱلسَّلَامُ |
| [as.sa.laː.mu ʕa.laj.kum] | [wa.ʕa.laj.ku.mu‿s.sa.laː.mu] | |
| as-salāmu ʿalaykum | wa ʿalaykumu s-salāmu | |
| Plural Feminine | ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُنَّ | وَعَلَيْكُنَّ ٱلسَّلَامُ |
| [as.sa.laː.mu ʕa.laj.kun.na] | [wa.ʕa.laj.kun.na‿s.sa.laː.mu] | |
| as-salāmu ʿalaykunna | wa ʿalaykunna s-salāmu |
A third-person variant, ʿalayhi as-salām, “peace be upon him”, is often used by Muslims for prophets other than Muhammad and other holy personalities, such as angels.
In Islam[edit]
According to Islamic tradition, the origin of the greeting “Peace be upon you” dates back to the first human, Adam:
Abu Huraira reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Allah said: Go and greet with peace these groups of assembled angels and listen to how they greet you, for this will be the greeting among your progeny. Adam said: Peace be upon you. The angels said: Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah. Thus, they added the mercy of Allah” [6]
The final Prophet said, “None of you will enter paradise until you believe and you will not believe until you love one another. Shall I not tell you about something which, if you do it, you will love one another? Spread salaam amongst yourselves.” [7]
It is also stated that one should give the Salam greeting upon entering a house. This is based upon a verse of the Quran: “However, when you enter houses, greet one another with a greeting ˹of peace˺ from Allah, blessed and good. This is how Allah makes His revelations clear to you, so perhaps you will understand.” (An-Nur 24:61).[8]
The phrase appears a total of 7 times in the Quran, each time as salamun ʿalaykum (Arabic: سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ). In Classical Arabic, used in the Qur’an and early Hadith manuscripts, the phrase is spelled as ٱلسَّلَٰمُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَتُ ٱللَّٰهِ وَبَرَكَٰتُهُ. In Rasm, it is written as السلم علىکم ورحمٮ الله وٮرکٮه.
- Surah Al-An’am (6), Ayah 54:
وَإِذَا جَآءَكَ ٱلَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِآيَاتِنَا فَقُلْ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ ۖ كَتَبَ رَبُّكُمْ عَلَىٰ نَفْسِهِ ٱلرَّحْمَةَ ۖ أَنَّهُۥ مَنْ عَمِلَ مِنكُمْ سُوٓءًۢا بِجَهَالَةٍۢ ثُمَّ تَابَ مِنۢ بَعْدِهِۦ وَأَصْلَحَ فَأَنَّهُۥ غَفُورٌۭ رَّحِيمٌۭ
“When those who have faith in Our signs come to you, say, ‘Peace to you! Your Lord has made mercy incumbent upon Himself: whoever of you commits an evil [deed] out of ignorance and then repents after that and reforms, then He is indeed All-Forgiving, All-Merciful.’”
- Surah Al-A’raf (7), Ayah 46:
وَبَيْنَهُمَا حِجَابٌۭ ۚ وَعَلَى ٱلْأَعْرَافِ رِجَالٌۭ يَعْرِفُونَ كُلًّۢا بِسِيمَاهُمْ ۚ وَنَادَوْا۟ أَصْحَابَ ٱلْجَنَّةِ أَن سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ ۚ لَمْ يَدْخُلُوهَا وَهُمْ يَطْمَعُونَ
“And there will be a veil between them. And on the Elevations will be certain men who recognize each of them by their mark. They will call out to the inhabitants of paradise, ‘Peace be to you!’ They will not have entered it, though they would be eager to do so.”
- Surah Ar-Ra’d (13), Ayah 24:
سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُم بِمَا صَبَرْتُمْ ۚ فَنِعْمَ عُقْبَى ٱلدَّارِ
“‘Peace be to you, for your patience.’ How excellent is the reward of the [ultimate] abode!”
- Surah An-Nahl (16), Ayah 32:
ٱلَّذِينَ تَتَوَفَّاهُمُ ٱلْمَلَائِكَةُ طَيِّبِينَ ۙ يَقُولُونَ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمُ ٱدْخُلُوا۟ ٱلْجَنَّةَ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ
“Those whom the angels take away while they are pure. They say [to them], ‘Peace be to you! Enter paradise because of what you used to do.’”
- Surah Maryam (19), Ayah 47:
قَالَ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ ۖ سَأَسْتَغْفِرُ لَكَ رَبِّي ۖ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ بِي حَفِيًّۭا
“He said, ‘Peace be to you! I shall plead with my Lord to forgive you. Indeed He is gracious to me.’”
- Surah Al-Qasas (28), Ayah 55:
وَإِذَا سَمِعُوا۟ ٱللَّغْوَ أَعْرَضُوا۟ عَنْهُ وَقَالُوا۟ لَنَا أَعْمَالُنَا وَلَكُمْ أَعْمَالُكُمْ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ لَا نَبْتَغِي ٱلْجَاهِلِينَ
“And when they hear vain talk, they avoid it and say, ‘Our deeds belong to us, and your deeds belong to you. Peace be to you. We do not court the ignorant.’”
- Surah Az-Zumar (39), Ayah 73:
وَسِيقَ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّقَوْا۟ رَبَّهُمْ إِلَى ٱلْجَنَّةِ زُمَرًا ۖ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا جَآءُوهَا وَفُتِحَتْ أَبْوَابُهَا وَقَالَ لَهُمْ خَزَنَتُهَا سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ طِبْتُمْ فَٱدْخُلُوهَا خَالِدِينَ
“Those who are wary of their Lord will be led to paradise in throngs. When they reach it, and its gates are opened, its keepers will say to them, ‘Peace be to you! You are welcome! Enter it to remain [forever].’”
Other variants, such as salamun ʿalā (سَلَامٌ عَلَىٰ), or the term salam (سَلَام) alone is also mentioned in several other Ayahs of the Qur’an.
Usage by non-Arabic speakers[edit]
- Cognate Semitic language parallels include the Aramaic/Classical Syriac šlāmā ʿalḵōn (ܫܠܵܡܵܐ ܥܲܠܟ݂ܘܿܢ), and the Hebrew Shalom aleichem (שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם shālôm ʻalêḵem).[4][9]
- In Iran, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan and Tajikistan, Salâm (سلام) is used alone more frequently, with occasional use of Salam-o aleykom and the more common beh salâmat (به سلامت), meaning “[go] with peace”. Goodbye is supplanted by a Khudâ hâfez (Persian: خدا حافظ), meaning “with the protection of God”.
- In Albania and Kosovo, a diminutive form in the Albanian language, Selamun Alejkem or Selamun Alejqum is rarely used, the ‘q’ being a voiceless palatal stop typical of Balkan Turkish and Thracian Turkish phonology.[10] Similarly, Bosniaks and Macedonian Muslims use the phrase “selam alejkum” (Cyrillic: селам алејкум).
- In Amharic, the native Amharic term Selam is used in place of Tadias, which is the equivalent of “What’s up”.
- In Turkey, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, many religious people use “Äs-sälamwaleykum” or “selamun aleyküm” and shake hands and it is the same for saying “Hello”; more secular and non-religious people say “Selam” and in Kazakhstan say “Sälem” or “Sälemetsız be” as an equivalent to “Hello” or “Hi”. However, many Turks pronounce it differently as “Selamün aleyküm“.
- In Pakistan, the greeting is also associated with shaking right hands and is also often accompanied with a hug when meeting infrequently (only between the same gender). In some places, people put a hand on their heart as they shake your hand and greet. Also, the full greeting (As-salamu alaykum) is preferred versus the shorter greeting of “salam” or “salamu alaykum”. Goodbye is supplanted by a “Khuda Hafiz” or the variation “Allah Hafiz”, both of which mean “May God protect you”.
- In India, the greeting mostly among Muslims is a simple handshake or hug, As-salamu alaykum (Hindi: असलम अलैकुम) or the shorter greeting “Salam” is used in informal situations. Goodbye is supplanted by a “Khuda Hafiz” or the alternative form “Allah Hafiz” (Hindi: अल्लाह हफीज, romanized: Allāh Hāphêj), both of which mean “May God protect you”.
- In Bangladesh, Assalamu alaikum (Bengali: আসসালামু আলাইকুম) is the most common Muslim greeting.[11] Some Muslims greet their elders with these words whilst raising their right hand to the forehead.[12] Assalamu alaikum is even used as to say goodbye, while many others say “Khoda Hafez” or “Allah Hafez” (Bengali: আল্লাহ হাফেজ, romanized: Āllāha hāphêj) “May God protect you”.
- In Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, Assalomu aleykum is used as an informal greeting.
- In Indonesia, the greeting is sometimes mixed with other greeting phrases of other religions.
- Shortening the greeting to acronyms, such as A.S., As’kum (in Malaysia), or AsA is becoming common amongst Internet users in chat rooms and by people using SMS. This trend is similar to writing (S) or SAWS in place of ṣallā llāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam.
- In Chechnya and other parts of the Caucasus, Salamun Alaykum (Chechen: Саламун алайкум) is used to say hello, in Ossetia, a corrupted version of Salam is used (Ossetian: Шалам).
- In Senegal which has a majority of Muslims with Tasawwuf-orientation, it is a common greeting. Spelled and pronounced in Wolof: “a-sala māleykum”, with the reply being “må-lekum salām.”
- In Xinjiang, China, “Essalam eleykum” is used as a greeting by Uyghurs, and the reply is “We-eleykum essalam”.
- In Portugal, the expression Salamaleque gained a totally distinct and curious meaning: due to the habit of Iberian Arabs to bow and wave their hand when greeting a person, the expression “Salamaleque” is applied to exaggerated movements or acts in order to appear to be formal, entertaining or fancy. “Os rapazes chegaram cheios de salamaleques”.
- In Italy, Salamelecco has a similar meaning, referring to excessive courtesy and politeness.
- In France, salamalec has similar meaning, referring to excessive flattery.
- In Malta, “Is-sliem għalikom” is often used in Catholic Church masses as a way of greeting, often by the priest, as a way of saying “peace be upon you”. As the Maltese language derives from Arabic, it inherited and still uses Arabic terms for religion amongst other things.
- In the Maldives, “އައްސަލާމް ޢަލައިކުމް” (assalaam ‘alaikum) is used as a common formal greeting, used similar to “hello”.[13]
- In Nigeria, the phrase “assalamu alaikum” is used as a formal greeting by Muslims.
- In Kurdish, the phrase “selam eleykum” is used as a formal greeting among, often shortened to just “selam“.
- In Russia, Muslims use variations of the phrase, such as “салам алейкум” (Russian) and “салам алайкум” (Tatar).
See also[edit]
- Adhan
- Dhikr
- Pax vobiscum
- Peace be upon him
- Š-L-M
- Salawat
- Shahadah
- Shalom aleichem (equivalent Hebrew phrase)
- Tashahhud
References[edit]
- ^ “Sayings of the Messenger (s.a.w) – Sahih Al-Bukhari-“. www.ahadith.net. Retrieved 2019-03-25.
- ^ “‘As-Salaamu-Alaikum’ and ‘Wa-Alaikum-as-Salaam’“. Ccnmtl.columbia.edu. Retrieved 2013-07-27.
- ^ assalamu, alaikum. “Assalamu Alaikum सलाम करने के 38 सुन्नते और आदाब In HIndi”. Irfani-Islam. Retrieved 2022-03-01.
- ^ a b “shalom aleichem”. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved May 19, 2018.
- ^ “shalom aleichem”. Collins Dictionary. Retrieved May 19, 2018.
- ^ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 5873, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 2841
- ^ [Muslim (54), Aḥmad (2/391), and al-Tirmidhī (2513) narrated from Abū Hurairah]
- ^ “Surat An-Nur [24:61] – The Noble Qur’an – القرآن الكريم”. Quran.com. Retrieved 2013-07-27.
- ^ “shalom aleichem”. Collins Dictionary. Retrieved May 19, 2018.
- ^ Friedman, Victor A. “Balkan Turkish in Macedonia and Adjacent Areas” (PDF). University of Chicago: 12. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
- ^ “Introduction to the bangla language” (PDF). Peace Corps: 6. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
- ^ Enamul Haq (2012). “Customs and Traditions”. In Islam, Sirajul; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
- ^ Common Phrases
External links[edit]
- A brief illustrated guide to understanding Islam
- How to pronounce As salamu alaykum in Arabic
- How To Pronounce Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh in Arabic
- How to pronounce Walaikum Assalam in Arabic
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Как написать на английском языке приветствие ассалам алейкум?Вова маленький 5 лет назад
Как написать на английском языке приветствие ассалам алейкум?
Gelneren 5 лет назад Ну, это просто. Мусульманское приветствие, которое в русской письменной речи принято передавать как “ас-саляму (или ассалам, или салям) алейкум”, в англоязычном написании будет as-salamu alaykum или assalamu alaykum, а ответ, выходит, wa’alaykumu as-salam. автор вопроса выбрал этот ответ лучшим комментировать в избранное ссылка отблагодарить Знаете ответ? |
Перевод “ассаламу ‘алейкум” на английский
salaam alaikum — это перевод «ассаламу ‘алейкум» на английский.
Пример переведенного предложения: Ассаламу алейкум, брат мой. ↔ Salaam alaikum, my brother.
-
salaam alaikum
interjection
Ассаламу алейкум, брат мой.
Salaam alaikum, my brother.
-
Показать алгоритмически созданные переводы
Автоматический перевод ” ассаламу ‘алейкум ” в английский
Склонение
Основа
Совпадение слов
Ассаламу алейкум.
As-salaam alaikum.
Ассаламу алейкум, брат мой.
Salaam alaikum, my brother.
Ассаламу алейкум.
Salaam aleikum.
Ассаламу алейкум
As- salaam alaikum
Ассаламу алейкум
Assalamu alaikum
Ассаламу алейкум, брат мой
Salaam alaikum, my brother
алейкум — перевод на английский
Ассалам алейкум.
Assalamu alaikum.
Ва алейкум ассалам.
Wa alaikum assalam.
— Ассалам алейкум.
— Assalamu alaikum.
— Ва алейкум ассалам.
— Wa alaikum assalam.
— Ассалам алейкум.
— Assalamu alaikum
Показать ещё примеры для «alaikum»…
Салам алейкум.
Salaam alaykum.
Ас-салам Алейкум.
As-salaam alaykum.
— Салям Алейкум.
— Salâmu ‘alaykum.
(Арабский) Мир вашему дому. (Вадж) Алейкум салям.
Alaykum salaam.
— Алейкум Салям.
— Alaykum salaam.
Показать ещё примеры для «alaykum»…
Салам алейкум, Фарфелла.
Salam aleikum, Farfella.
Алейкум ассалам, Карас.
Aleikum salam, Karas.
Салам алейкум, Фарфелла.
Salam aleikum.
— Салям алейкум, Люсьен.
— Salaam Aleikum, Lucien.
Салям алейкум.
Salaam aleikum.
Показать ещё примеры для «aleikum»…
— Салам алейкум.
— Hello!
— Алейкум ас-салам.
— Hello!
Алейкум ас-салам! Давно не виделись!
Hello!
— Салам алейкум!
— Hello!
Показать ещё примеры для «hello»…
— Салям алейкум.
— Salaam-alacum.
— Салям алейкум.
Salaam-alacum.
— Салям алейкум. — Ваалейкум, Халид.
— Salaam-alacum.
Салям алейкум.
Salaam-alacum.
— Салям алейкум, мистер Хан!
Salaam-alacum, Mr Khan!
Показать ещё примеры для «salaam-alacum»…
Настоящая невеста! Есселам алейкум, дорогие гости!
Peace be with you, our dear visitors!
Салам алейкум, солдат!
Peace to you, soldier?
— Алейкум Салам.
Peace to you.
Салам алейкум. — Документы!
— Peace to you.
Салам алейкум, дедушка.
— Peace to you, Grandpa.
Показать ещё примеры для «peace»…
Салам алейкум, господин Кхан.
Salaam, Mr. Khan. — Prem.
Салам алейкум, господин ЭйСиПи.
Salaam, ACP sir.
Салам алейкум, Кхан-бай.
Salaam, Mr. Khan.
— Алейкум ассалам.
— Salaam.
Ас-саляму алейкум.
Wa-alaikum salaam.
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91 параллельный перевод
As-salaam alaikum.
Салам алейкум?
Salaam alaikum, Djaq.
Салам алейкум, Джак.
Salaam alaikum.
Салям алейкум. Кто ты?
Salaam alaikum Sir.
Салам алейкум, сэр.
Salaam alaikum, my brother.
Салам алейкум, мой брат.
As-salaam alaikum.
Ассаламу алейкум.
Salaam alaikum, my brother.
Ассаламу алейкум, брат мой.
Salaam alaikum.
Салам алейкум.
As-salaam alaikum.
Асалам алейкум.
As-salaam alaikum, Hakeem.
Асалам алейкум, Хаким.
Salaam alaikum.
Салам алейкум
Salaam Alaikum.
Салам Алейкум.
Salaam Alaikum.
– Салам Алейкум.
As-salaam alaikum.
Здравствуйте.
– Salaam Alaikum.
Салам алейкум – Ага.
Salaam alaikum.
Салам Алейкум.
As-salaam alaikum, Mr. al-Muqri.
Ассаляму’алейкум, мистер аль-Мукри.
As-salaam alaikum, my brother!
Ассаламалейкум, брат.
Salaam alaikum…
Салам алейкум.
As-salaam alaikum.
Салам Алейкум.
– Hi. As-salaam alaikum.
Салам алейкум
Salaam alaikum.
Ас-саляму алейкум
Salaam alaikum.
Ас-саляму алейкум.
As-salaam alaikum.
Салам алейкум.
– Salaam alaikum.
— Салам алейкум.
As-salaam alaikum, Mr. Booth.
Ас-салям алейкум, мистер Бут.
– Salaam alaikum.
– Салам алейкум.
YOUSEF : Salaam alaikum?
ЮСЕФ Салам алейкум?
– Salaam alaikum, Auntie.
– Ассалам алейкум, тётя.
– Salaam alaikum.
Привет. – Привет.
As-salaam alaikum.
Ас-саляму алейкум.
– Salaam alaikum.
– Ассалам алейкум.
Alaikum salaam, my brother.
Да здравствует Гарвард!
As-Salaam-Alaikum, Ahkbar.
Ассалом Алейкум, Акбар.
– Alaikum-salaam. – Shaleem, donner kebab.
– Шалом, кебаб.
Alaikum Salaam.
Алейкум салам.
Wa’alaikum salaam.
Валлейкум саллам.
Alaikum salaam.
Алейкум салам.
Wa-alaikum salaam.
Алейкум ассалам.
Wa alaikum as-salaam.
Алейкум Салам.
Wa alaikum as-salaam.
Алейкум ассалам.
Wa alaikum as-salaam.
Уа алейкум ас-салям.
As-salaam alaikum, my sister.
– Ассалам Алейкум, сестра.
Wa alaikum as-salaam.
– Алейкум Ассалам.
Alaikum salaam.
Алейкум ассалам.
– Alaikum-Salaam.
– Салам-алейкум.
– Wa alaikum as-salaam.
— Ва аллейкум ассалам.
– Alaikum salaam.
– Алейкум Салам.
Wa-alaikum-salaam.
– Ва-Алейкум-Салам.
– Alaikum salaam. Check it out.
– Алейкум салам.
Dr. Nazim, salaam-alaikum.
Доктор Назим, салам малейкум.
- перевод на “salaam alaikum” турецкий